Dr. Eduardo Blumwald (kumanja) ndi Akhilesh Yadav, Ph.D., ndi mamembala ena a gulu lawo ku yunivesite ya California, Davis, adasintha mpunga kuti alimbikitse mabakiteriya a nthaka kuti apange nitrogen yambiri yomwe zomera zingagwiritse ntchito. [Trina Kleist/UC Davis]
Ofufuza adagwiritsa ntchito CRISPR kupanga mpunga kuti alimbikitse mabakiteriya am'nthaka kukonza nayitrogeni wofunikira kuti akule. Zomwe zapezazi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni wofunikira polima mbewu, kupulumutsa alimi aku America mabiliyoni a madola chaka chilichonse komanso kupindulitsa chilengedwe pochepetsa kuwononga nitrogen.
"Zomera ndi mafakitale odabwitsa," anatero Dr. Eduardo Blumwald, pulofesa wodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya zomera ku yunivesite ya California, Davis, yemwe adatsogolera phunziroli. Gulu lake linagwiritsa ntchito CRISPR kupititsa patsogolo kuwonongeka kwa apigenin mu mpunga. Iwo adapeza kuti apigenin ndi mankhwala ena amachititsa kuti mabakiteriya asamangidwe.
Ntchito yawo idasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Plant Biotechnology ("Kusintha kwa chibadwa cha mpunga wa flavonoid biosynthesis kumawonjezera mapangidwe a biofilm ndi kukonza nayitrogeni wachilengedwe ndi mabakiteriya okonza nayitrogeni m'nthaka").
Nayitrojeni ndi wofunikira pakukula kwa zomera, koma zomera sizingasinthe mwachindunji nayitrogeni kuchokera mumpweya kukhala mpangidwe umene zingagwiritse ntchito. M'malo mwake, zomera zimadalira kuyamwa nayitrogeni, monga ammonia, opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya m'nthaka. Kupanga kwaulimi kumatengera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni kuti mbewu ziwonjezeke.
"Ngati zomera zimatha kupanga mankhwala omwe amalola kuti mabakiteriya a nthaka akonze nayitrogeni wa mumlengalenga, tikhoza kupanga zomera kuti zipange mankhwala ochulukirapo," adatero. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa mabakiteriya a m'nthaka kuti akonze nayitrogeni ndipo zomera zimagwiritsa ntchito ammonium, motero zimachepetsa kufunika kwa feteleza wamankhwala."
Gulu la Broomwald linagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamankhwala ndi ma genomics kuti azindikire zinthu zomwe zili mumitengo ya mpunga - apigenin ndi ma flavonoid ena - zomwe zimakulitsa ntchito ya bakiteriya yokonza nayitrogeni.
Kenako adazindikira njira zopangira mankhwalawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa CRISPR wopanga ma gene kuti awonjezere kupanga zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kupanga biofilm. Ma biofilms awa ali ndi mabakiteriya omwe amathandizira kusintha kwa nayitrogeni. Zotsatira zake, ntchito yokonza nayitrogeni ya mabakiteriya imawonjezeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa ammonium komwe kumamera kumawonjezeka.
"Zomera za mpunga zomwe zakonzedwa bwino zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zokolola zikakula pansi pa nthaka yopanda nayitrogeni," ofufuza adalemba m'nkhaniyi. "Zotsatira zathu zimathandizira kusokoneza njira ya flavonoid biosynthesis monga njira yopangira nitrogen yachilengedwe mumbewu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Njira Zenizeni.”
Zomera zina zitha kugwiritsanso ntchito njirayi. Yunivesite ya California idafunsira patent paukadaulo ndipo ikudikirira pano. Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi Will W. Lester Foundation. Kuphatikiza apo, Bayer CropScience imathandizira kafukufuku wina pamutuwu.
"Feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri," adatero Blumwald. “Chilichonse chimene chingathetse ndalamazo n’chofunika. Kumbali ina, ndi nkhani ya ndalama, koma nayitrojeni imawononganso chilengedwe.”
Manyowa ambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito amatayika, akulowa m'nthaka ndi pansi pa nthaka. Kupeza kwa Blumwald kungathandize kuteteza chilengedwe pochepetsa kuwononga nitrogen. "Izi zitha kupereka njira yokhazikika yaulimi yomwe ingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wowonjezera wa nayitrogeni," adatero.