RutinFomula ya mankhwala ndi (C27H30O16•3H2O), vitamini, yomwe imachepetsa kulowa kwa capillary ndi kufooka, imasunga ndikubwezeretsa kulimba kwa mitsempha yamagazi. Popewa ndi kuchiza kuthamanga kwa magazi muubongo; Kutuluka magazi m'maso mwa retina ndi hemorrhagic purpura zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya choteteza ku matenda a shuga ndi utoto.

Yagawidwa m'njira zinayi izi:

1. Rutin NF11: ufa wachikasu-wobiriwira, kapena kristalo wosalala kwambiri wa acicular; Wopanda fungo, wopanda kukoma; Mtundu umadetsedwa mumlengalenga; Ukatenthedwa kufika pa 185-192 ℃, umakhala thupi lofiirira la gelatinous ndipo umawola pa kutentha kwa pafupifupi 215 ℃. Umasungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol wowira, umasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi otentha, umasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi ozizira, umasungunuka mosavuta mu isopropyl alcohol ndi methanol, susungunuka mu trichloromethane, ether ndi benzene; Umasungunuka mu yankho la alkali hydroxide. Njira yodziwira ndi A: hydrochloric acid reflux hydrolysis ku quercetin, yomwe malo ake osungunuka ndi 312 ℃ B: precipitation yofiira ya cuprous oxide. C: Kuwonjezera yankho la sodium hydroxide ndi lalanje lachikasu D: yankho la ethanol ndi yankho la ferric chloride ndi bulauni wobiriwira E: yankho la ethanol ndi hydrochloric acid ndi magnesium pang'onopang'ono zofiira: ≥95.0%(UV)(ndi zinthu zouma)

Kuchepetsa thupi kouma: 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Zotsalira zoyaka ≤0.5%

Chlorophyll ≤0.004%

Utoto wofiira ≤0.004%

Chomwe chimagwirizana ndi quercetin ≤5.0% (UV)

Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya othamanga ≤103cfu/g

Chiwerengero chonse cha nkhungu ndi yisiti ≤102cfu/g

Escherichia coli sidzapezeka /g

Malo osungiramo zinthu Sungani mu chidebe chopanda mpweya kutali ndi kuwala.

2. Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0: Ufa wachikasu kapena wobiriwira wachikasu. Wosasungunuka m'madzi, wosungunuka mu methanol, wosungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol (96%), wosungunuka mu methylene chloride. Wosungunuka mu yankho la hydroxide. Njira yodziwira ndi iyi: A: Kuyamwa kwakukulu pa 257nm ndi 358nm, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuyamwa pa 358nm ndi 305 ~ 330. B: Kapangidwe ka kuyamwa kwa infrared kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi ka mankhwala ofotokozera C: Madontho a mtundu ndi kukula komweko adzawonekera pamalo ofanana a chromatogram ya mankhwala ofotokozera D: yankho la ethanol ndi hydrochloric acid ndi zinc lidzawonetsa kufiira

Zamkati 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ndi mankhwala ouma) (titration)

Chinyezi 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Zotsalira zoyaka ≤0.1%

Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa kuwala kwa zinthu zodetsedwa zowoneka bwino pa 450nm mpaka 800nm ​​sikuyenera kupitirira 0.10

Zinthu zosasungunuka mu methanol ≤3.0%

Mankhwala ofanana ndi isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, kusayera konse ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya othamanga ≤104cfu/g

Chiwerengero chonse cha nkhungu ndi yisiti ≤102cfu/g

Mabakiteriya opanda ndulu ≤102cfu/g

Escherichia coli sidzapezeka /g

Salmonella sangawonekere /25g

Malo osungira zinthu sungani kutali ndi kuwala

3. Rutin USP43: Njira yodziwira ndi A: kuyamwa kwakukulu pa 257nm ndi 358nm, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuyamwa pa 358nm ndi 305 ~ 33. B: Ma spectra a infrared absorption ayenera kugwirizana ndi chromatogram ya chinthu chofotokozera. C: Nthawi yosungira ya chromatogram peak iyenera kugwirizana ndi ya chinthu chofotokozera.

Zamkati 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ndi mankhwala ouma) (titration)

Chinyezi 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Zotsalira zoyaka ≤0.1%

Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa kuwala kwa zinthu zodetsedwa zowoneka bwino pa 450nm mpaka 800nm ​​sikuyenera kupitirira 0.10

Zinthu zosasungunuka mu methanol ≤3.0%

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, zina zosakanikirana ≤1.0%, kusayera konse ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya othamanga ≤104cfu/g

Chiwerengero chonse cha nkhungu ndi yisiti ≤103cfu/g

Escherichia coli sidzapezeka / 10g

Salmonella sidzapezeka / 10g

Malo osungiramo zinthu amatsekedwa ndipo sapezeka ndi kuwala.

4. Muyezo wa Utumiki WS1-49(B)-89 wa Rutinum: ufa wachikasu kapena wobiriwira wachikasu, kapena kristalo wosalala kwambiri wa acicular; Wopanda fungo, wopanda kukoma; Mtundu umadetsedwa mumlengalenga; Wotenthedwa mpaka 185 ~ 192℃ kuti ukhale gel wofiirira. Wosungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol wowira, wosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi otentha, wosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi ozizira, wosasungunuka mu trichloromethane ndi ether; Wosungunuka mu yankho la alkali hydroxide. Njira yodziwira ndi iyi: A: red cuprous oxide precipitate. B: Kapangidwe ka infrared absorption kayenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi ka chinthu chowongolera. C: Kuyamwa kwakukulu kumapezeka pa mafunde a 259±1nm ndi 362.5±1nm.

Zomwe zili mkati ≥93.0% (UV) (ndi zinthu zouma)

Kuchepetsa thupi kouma 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Zotsalira zoyaka ≤0.3%

Zinthu zosasungunuka mu methanol ≤2.5% (zinthu zosasungunuka mu ethanol)

Chofanana ndi quercetin ≤4.0% (Woonda wosanjikiza)

Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya othamanga ≤103cfu/g

Chiwerengero chonse cha nkhungu ndi yisiti ≤102cfu/g

Escherichia coli sidzapezeka /g

Salmonella sidzapezeka /g

Malo osungiramo zinthu amatsekedwa ndipo sapezeka ndi kuwala.

Zotsatira za mankhwala:

Kachitidwe koletsa ma radicals

Mamolekyu a okosijeni amachepetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a ma elekitironi amodzi mu kagayidwe ka maselo, ndipo ma ayoni a O omwe amapangidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mamolekyu a okosijeni mu mawonekedwe a ma elekitironi amodzi kenako amapanga H2O2 ndi ma free radicals oopsa kwambiri ·OH m'thupi, motero zimakhudza kusalala kwa khungu komanso kufulumizitsa kukalamba kwa khungu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera rutin ku chinthucho kungathe kuchotsa mitundu ya okosijeni yogwira ntchito yomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo. Rutin ndi flavonoid compound, yomwe ndi antioxidant yamphamvu yochotsera ma free radicals. Imatha kuyimitsa kayendedwe ka ma free radicals, kuletsa peroxidation ya polyunsaturated fatty acids pa biofilms, kuchotsa zinthu za lipid peroxidation, kuteteza umphumphu wa biofilms ndi kapangidwe ka subcellular, ndikuchita gawo lofunikira m'thupi. [2]

Kuletsa mafuta ochulukirapo

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi (lipid peroxidation) kumatanthauza njira zingapo zowola zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mitundu ya okosijeni yolimbana ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated mu biofilms. Zhu Jianlin ndi ena adazindikira ndikusanthula ntchito ya SOD mwa makoswe, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a free-radical lipid peroxidation product MDA, ndi kuchuluka kwa Lipofuscin m'chiwindi chachikulu, ndipo adapeza kuti rutin inali ndi mphamvu yoletsa lipid peroxidation mwa makoswe odulidwa, ndipo ikhoza kuletsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya antioxidant ya dongosolo la antioxidant mwa makoswe atatha kudulidwa. Rutin imatha kukana kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya antioxidant yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa estrogen ya endogenous ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant. High density lipoprotein (HDL) ili ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi atherosclerotic. Komabe, HDL, monga low density lipoprotein (LDL) ndi very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), imathanso kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa mu vitro. HDL ikasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala Ox-HDL, imakhala ndi mphamvu ya atherosclerosis. Meng Fang ndi ena adafufuza momwe rutin imakhudzira HDL oxidative modification ndi Cu2+ mediated oxidative modification mu vitro. Kutsiliza Rutin imatha kuletsa kwambiri oxidative modification ya HDL. [2]

Mphamvu yotsutsana ya chinthu choyambitsa ma platelet

Matenda ambiri a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, monga thrombosis, atherosclerosis, kutupa ndi ischemia-reperfusion free radical injury, zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mediation of plateletactivatingfactor (PAF). Chifukwa chake, kutsutsa zotsatira za PAF ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Kuyesera kunawonetsa kuti rutin ikhoza kutsutsa kumangirira kwa PAF ku ma receptors a membrane a kalulu omwe amadalira kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuletsa kumatirira kwa magazi komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi PAf mwa akalulu komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa Ca2+ mu PMNs, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti njira ya zochita za rutin zotsutsana ndi PAF ndikuletsa kuyambika kwa PAF receptor, kenako kuletsa zomwe PAF imachita, kuti ikhale ndi gawo loteteza mtima. Zotsatira zake zinawonetsa kuti rutin inali mdani wa PAF receptor. [2]

Mankhwala oletsa kutupa kwa kapamba

Rutin imatha kuletsa kuchepa kwa calcium m'thupi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Ca2+ m'thupi la kapamba. Zinapezeka kuti rutin imatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa phospholipase A2 (PLA2) m'thupi la kapamba la makoswe, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti rutin ingalepheretse kutulutsidwa ndi kuyambika kwa PLA2 m'thupi la kapamba. Rutin imatha kuletsa bwino kupezeka kwa calcium m'makoswe a AP, mwina poletsa kuchuluka kwa Ca2+ ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Ca2+ m'maselo a kapamba, potero kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa AP. [2]

Chizindikiro: https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

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