Poyerekeza ndi zakudya za nyama, mitundu yonse ya ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso imatha kukhala yokongola komanso yokongola. Mtundu wobiriwira wowala wa broccoli, mtundu wofiirira wa biringanya, mtundu wachikasu wa kaloti, ndi mtundu wofiira wa tsabola - nchifukwa chiyani masamba awa ndi osiyana? Nchiyani chimapangitsa mitundu iyi kukhala yosiyana?

Ma phytochrome ndi osakaniza mitundu iwiri ya mamolekyu a pigment: ma cytosolic pigment osungunuka m'madzi ndi ma lipid-soluble chloroplast pigments. Zitsanzo za zoyambazo zikuphatikizapo anthocyanins, flavonoids zomwe zimapatsa maluwa mtundu; kwa zomalizazi, ma carotenoids, luteins ndi ma chlorophylls ndi ofala. Ma pigment osungunuka m'madzi amasungunuka mu ethanol komanso m'madzi wamba koma samasungunuka m'zinthu zina zachilengedwe monga ether ndi chloroform. Ma pigment osungunuka m'mafuta ndi ovuta kusungunuka mu methanol, koma amasungunuka mosavuta mu ethanol ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lead acetate reagent, ma pigment osungunuka m'madzi amatuluka ndipo amatha kuyamwa ndi activated carbon; mitunduyo imasinthanso kutengera pH.

1. Klorofili

Chlorophyll imapezeka kwambiri m'masamba, zipatso ndi algae za zomera zapamwamba, ndipo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ma chloroplast a zomera, omwe amapezeka pamodzi ndi mapuloteni m'zamoyo.

Chlorophyll ndi mankhwala oletsa magazi, amalimbikitsa hematopoiesis, amayambitsa maselo, amapha mabakiteriya komanso amaletsa kutupa, ndi zina zotero. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, asayansi apeza kuti chlorophyll imaletsa kupanga maselo a ai.

Zakudya zomwe zili ndi chlorophyll ndi monga: kale, alfalfa sprouts, letesi, sipinachi, broccoli, letesi, ndi zina zotero.

Chlorophyll imalamulira mtundu wobiriwira, gulu lodziwika bwino la mitundu yomwe imapezeka pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zomera. Ena angadabwe kuti, bwanji za kaloti? Nanga bwanji zosakaniza izi zomwe mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wake sizikugwirizana ndi wobiriwira konse? Ndipotu, kaloti zimakhalanso ndi chlorophyll, yomwe si yotsika, koma "yobiriwira" imakutidwa ndi "yachikasu ndi lalanje".

2. Karotenoid

Ma carotenoid ndi mawu ofala a ma isomer osiyanasiyana a ma carotenoid ndi zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'zomera. Ndi gulu la zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo zidapezeka koyamba mu kaloti, chifukwa chake zimatchedwa ma carotenoid.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kudya kwambiri ma carotenoid a anthu kungachepetse matenda a prostate okhudzana ndi ukalamba komanso kuwonongeka kwa maso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba. Chifukwa chake, ma carotenoid achilengedwe avomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya choteteza ku kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ma carotenoid osiyanasiyana ali ndi kapangidwe kosiyana ka mamolekyu, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, ma carotenoid opitilira 600 anali atapezeka.

Zakudya zomwe zili ndi carotenoids: kaloti, dzungu, tomato, citrus, chimanga, ndi zina zotero.

3. Flavonoid

Ma flavonoid pigments, omwe amadziwikanso kuti anthocyanins, ndi ma flavonoid pigments omwe amasungunuka m'madzi. Kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka mankhwala, ndi chinthu cha phenolic chomwe chimasungunuka m'madzi. Chimapezeka kwambiri mu ufumu wa zomera, kuphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mitundu yambirimbiri yapezeka. Ma flavonoids sapezeka kawirikawiri m'chilengedwe ngati ma monomers. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma flavonoids imapezeka m'zomera za mabanja osiyanasiyana, magulu, mtundu, ndi mitundu; m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana za zomera monga makungwa, mizu, ndi maluwa, pali ma flavonoids osiyanasiyana. Mitundu pafupifupi 400 yapezeka mpaka pano, yomwe ndi yopanda mtundu, yachikasu chopepuka kapena lalanje lowala, ndipo mtundu wawo umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH.

Monga utoto wachilengedwe wa chakudya, anthoxanthin ndi yotetezeka, yopanda poizoni, yolemera mu zinthu zambiri, ndipo ili ndi zotsatira zina pazakudya komanso zamankhwala. Imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zakudya, zodzoladzola, ndi mankhwala.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zotsatira zambiri za kafukufuku m'dziko muno ndi kunja kwa dziko lapansi zasonyeza kuti ma flavonoid ali ndi anti-oxidation, kuchotsa ma free radicals, anti-lipid peroxidation activity, kupewa matenda a mtima, antibacterial, antiviral, komanso antiallergic effects. Ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso ndi tirigu mu ufumu wa zomera zili ndi utoto wambiri wa flavonoid.

Zakudya zomwe zili ndi utoto wa flavonoid: tsabola wotsekemera, udzu winawake, anyezi ofiira, tiyi wobiriwira, citrus, mphesa, buckwheat, ndi zina zotero.

4. Anthocyanin

Anthocyanins: Chifukwa cha "ntchito yawo yotsutsana ndi okosijeni" yofunika kwambiri, anthocyanins amadziwika bwino ndipo amanenedwa kuti ndi "chinyengo" ndi makampani ambiri. Mitundu yoposa 300 ya anthocyanins yapezeka, kuphatikizapo buluu, wofiirira, wofiira ndi lalanje. Utoto uwu umasungunuka m'madzi. Anthocyanins amatha kuwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamene pH ikusintha. Muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chofanana mukaphika kabichi (wofiira) m'madzi.

Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a anthocyanins ndi kosakhazikika, ndipo mtundu wake umasintha kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa pH, komwe kumakhala kofiira pansi pa 7, kofiirira pa 8.5, kofiirira-buluu pa 11, ndi kachikasu, lalanje kapena ngakhale kofiirira pa 11. Mpweya, kuwala kapena kutentha kwambiri kumatha kusintha zakudya zomwe zili ndi anthocyanin wambiri kukhala bulauni. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa mtundu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi chitsulo kuyenera kupewedwa momwe mungathere pokonza.

Ma proanthocyanidins amatha kuchotsa ma free radicals m'thupi, ali ndi mphamvu zoteteza thupi ku ma antioxidants, ndipo amatha kulamulira chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuthana ndi khansa.

Zakudya zomwe zili ndi anthocyanins: mbatata zofiirira, mpunga wakuda, chimanga chofiirira, kale wofiirira, biringanya, perilla, kaloti, beets, ndi zina zotero.

Popeza anthu amalimbikitsa zachilengedwe, kufunafuna thanzi ndi chitetezo choyamba ndi zofunikira zamaganizo, komanso kulowa kwa China mu WTO kukumana ndi zosowa za chuma cha padziko lonse, chitukuko cha utoto wachilengedwe wodyedwa mwachangu, malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuyambira 1971 mpaka 1981 dziko lonse lapansi linafalitsa ma patent 126 a utoto wa chakudya, omwe 87.5% ndi utoto wachilengedwe wodyedwa.

Ndi chitukuko cha anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zopaka utoto kwakhala kotchuka pang'onopang'ono m'makampani opanga zakudya ndi zodzoladzola, ndipo njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zasintha pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zapangitsa kuti utoto wachilengedwe ukhale wofunikira kwambiri pakukongoletsa moyo.

Cholinga chathu cha bizinesi ndi "Pangani Dziko Lapansi Kukhala Losangalala Komanso Lathanzi".

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zotulutsa zomera, mutha kulumikizana nafe nthawi iliyonse!!

Maumboni: https://www.zhihu.com/